Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various as

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable ability to safeguard delicate skin. This soothing element has long been used in a number of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Establishing a physical barrier on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful